Everything You Need to Know About Topographic Surveys
What does topography mean?
Topography is the study of the shape and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area refers to the surface shapes and features on the ground and their arrangement. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features.
What is a topographic survey, and what are the objectives of this type of survey?
A topographic survey gathers data about the natural and man-made features of the land, as well as its terrain. Permanent features such as buildings, fences, trees and streams accurately define the ground and its boundaries. Land contours and spot levels show the elevation of the terrain. Topographic maps are used by architects, engineers, building contractors and others to accurately visualise their sites and help bring forward development.
Is there more than one type of topographic survey?
Depending on the purpose of the survey and the desired output, there are a few types of topographical surveys to choose from, including a general land survey, boundary survey, and survey for construction projects. Also, depending on the scale of the map that is required and location of the site, for instance whether it’s an urban or rural area, a survey can be classified by accuracy level.
Tell us about the steps involved in a topographic survey?
A typical topographical survey process includes:
- Gathering information, i.e. the geographical area to be included, the level of detail, accuracy and data output
- Planning the time schedule and pricing
- Gathering survey data on site
- Processing data and preparing the final survey output
- Internal quality assurance by a senior member of the staff
- Delivery of the final survey output to the client
How long does the survey process take?
The duration of a topographic survey process is dependent on the size of the area to be covered and the complexity of the terrain being surveyed. Once we have calculated the time it will take, a programme of works is agreed with the client. This could include additional resources to meet a particular project programme milestone or other deadline.
What would you use a topographic map for?
Normally, a topographic survey is used as a basis for design decisions. An architect or consulting engineer will need an accurate digital plan of their site area to produce good design and construction drawings. The survey and data can also be used for other purposes, including new housing developments, new road layouts, land registry submissions or volumetric calculations.
Is there any special equipment you use to conduct a topographic survey?
Robotic total station instruments are generally employed to detail features on-site. All survey points are measured by the instrument with an onboard feature code list. For example, the surveyor can string survey points to create an outline of a building with a specific code. GPS and laser scanning equipment can also be used, subject to the site specification and terrain.
How would I read a topographic survey?
A topographic survey can be presented in multiple formats; the output is subject to the client’s need. For example, if clients are submitting a survey for Land Registry purposes, then specific scales and outputs are required for compliance. However, the standard output is AutoCAD dwg, and 3D data can also be presented in Revit.
Why is topographic surveying so important for architects?
Architects require accurate digital data of their client’s site to properly design their commissions, with the level of detail or specification tailored to the purpose of the survey.
A thorough survey of all the features is critical for planning, design and construction. Any features that are not surveyed can cause costly delays at any stage of the development.
How much does a topographic survey typically cost?
Costs are based on the time we need to spend on the project. The time is calculated on the extent of the site area, terrain and visibility. The specification will also itemise the features we need to survey, which is also considered in our calculation.
Who are you most regular customers?
We have a wide range of customers who use our services, ranging from architects, engineers and contractors, to housebuilders and private individuals. We have a strong reputation in the industry for providing accurate data on time and on budget. Clients trust us to deliver.
To discuss your project with us and to find out if it could benefit from a topographic survey, give us a call or email us at enquiries@technicsgroup.com.
